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Western knowledge and false Toponymies
25.7.2012
By Hamiit Qliji Berai
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Ekurd.net |
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By Hamiit Qliji Berai, an independent researcher who
has spent the majority of his life researching the
ancient Near East.
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Read more by the Author
July
25, 2012
Romans, Western Christians - and Muslims
authorities bestowed their own false toponymies upon
the indigenous Kurdish names of the cities that they
had conquered.
During the consciously preparation of the new world
from 1630, that was continued and partly practiced
in the WWI and WWII.
So was the well-known ancient name Ápú, Abú
“Patriarch Divinity” name of the Kurdish historical
holy city which is allocated to the contemporary
state Syria has been replaced with the Aleppo and
Halab (see Bible Discovered pg. 135).
The contemporary Syria, Lebanon and the Syrian
capital Damascus were bestowed upon its well-known
ancient name Šám, which related to the holy biblical
Šáma, the Šám son of Noah and identical to the
ancient state Šám, Šum, dedicated to the eponymous
ancestor Šum of Noah. In the translation of various
archaeological sources the Kurdish name Šám or Šum
has been wiped away (see Bible Discovered, Pg. 71,
115-123).
Osrhoene, Edessa, Antioch and Turkish Urfa were
bestowed upon the Kurdish Holy name Ura, Ŕuhá and
Nisibis (Nusaybin) upon the Island Botánia, better
known as the Jzira Botán. The city Ura also called
Ŕuhá in West Kurdsu is the birthplace of Abraham,
according to the Kurdish tradition and Bible (Gen.
10:10).
Agreeing to Pliny, v. 86, the city was called
Antioch in the Seleucids era (312-63 BC); Ura
received new name like other cities conquered by
Seleucids. On coins of Antiochus Epiphanes (died 163
BC) it is called ‘Antioch by the Callirhoe’; and the
city received under, according to tradition,
Seleucus Nicator the name of Edessa.
From the contemporary interpretation concerning Ura
(Edessa); appears that Kurdsu on the dissolution of
Seleucid Empire, was divided between Rome and Bardia/Parthia;
afterwards between Rome and Ezidian-Šádánian Kurdish
Empire1 (see below).
Edessa (Ura) was capital city of Osrhoene or Osroene
(ca. 127 BC- 244 AD), one of several federations
arising from the dissolution of the Seleucid Empire.
At this time Osrhoene federation was within Parthian
territory.
The name Osrhoene or Osroene obviously is a
corruption, because of its uncommon word form of an
untranslatable nature and its contradictory tales
like Osroene, or Edessa, after acquired independence
from the collapsing Seleucid Empire through a
dynasty of the nomadic Arab tribe called Orrhoei
from 136 BC. The name Osroene is derived from Osroes
of Orhai, an Arab sheik who in 120 BC wrested
control of this region from the Seleucids in Syria
(C. Anthon, pg.681). Or A nomadic Arab tribe called
Orrhoei occupied Edessa about 130 B.C. Orrhoei
founded a small state ruled by their chieftains with
the title of kings and the district was called after
them Orrhoene. This name eventually changed into
Osroene,www.ekurd.net
in assimilation to the Parthian name Osroes or
Chosroes (Xasrau) Osroene, (1911 Edition of the
Encyclopaedia Britannica; Pliny vol. 85 vi. 25, 117,
129). And This kingdom was established by The
Nabataeans or Arab tribes from North Arabia, and
lasted nearly four centuries (c.132 BC to 214), (New
International Encyclopedia).
Orrhoei or Orhai is clearly a wrong articulation of
Uri, Urai, which mean “related to Ur, the Kurdish
ancient name of Edessa, the issued capital city”.
Why and how a nomadic Arab tribe established Osroene
kingdom middle of Kurdish territory, faraway from
Arabia and Arabs territory is not clear and there is
also no historical background for such false
information. We know that present Iraq, Syria,
Lebanon and Palestine are occupied after the Muslim
conquest and later Arabized.
The independence of the Ura-federation ended in 244
when it was incorporated in the Roman Empire. Abga
was the first Christian king in history and Ura-federation
was the first state to have a Christian king. He was
converted to Christianity by Addai, one of the
Seventy-two Disciples.
Apparently afterward Ura became a center of Kurdish
national reaction against Rome’s dominance.
According to Catholic Encyclopedia Bardaisan’s royal
friend Abgar (Abga) became the first Christian king;
and both king and philosopher (Bardaisan) laboured
to create the first Christian State. Bardaisan
showed great literary activity against Marcion and
Valentinus, the Gnostics of the day.
The Romans under Caracalla, taking advantage of the
anti-Christian faction in Edessa, captured Abga IX
and sent him in chains to Rome. Bardaisan at the age
of sixty-three was forced to take refuge in the
fortress of Ani in Armenia. Segal (1970, pp.31)
wrote, in the struggle between Rome and Parthia for
authority over Mesopotamia, Edessa was usually on
the side of the latter. Seen from Rome, Abgar of
Edessa was a Parthian, and this notion continued
well into Byzantine times when even Syriac poets
describe Edessa as 'Parthian' or 'daughter of the
Parthians', (Bible Discovered pg. 78-85).
Despite the fact that the invaders have applied
their greedy names to this city, the Kurds however
retained its (own) indigenous names Ura and Ruhá;
although the scholars ridiculously still ignore
existence of the Kurds and Kurdish, the native
language of the local people.
The translation of the Hebrew Bible and the Aramaic
Bible should be approach from the Kurdish
prespective; Aramaic relating to the Árám fifth son
of Šáma (the Šám, eldest or second son of Nah
(Noah).
1. Bardia or Parthia were the Xorásáni-Kurds Empire
c. 250 BC- 224 AD) and after the overthrowing of the
Xorásáni-Kurds Empire by the Ezidi-Šádánian (the
corrupted Sasanian, 224-651 AD), between Rome and
Ezidian-Šádánian Kurdish Empire In 608 AD Ura-federation
was taken by the Ezidi-Šádánid Xasrau II.
Hamíit Qliji Bérai is an independent researcher
who has spent the majority of his life researching
the ancient Near East. He researches continuously
since 1994 archaeological sources for early culture,
history and ethnography of the mankind in ancient
Near East, all over the world in different
universities including the University of Leiden
Netherlands, the University of Oxford, the
University of Cambridge, the University of Chicago,
British Museum, London University and the British
Library in London. Those are texts from ca. 4000 BC,
traces of human civilization and objects from
millions years ago, excavated in the Kurdish
regions. He takes a different approach, a
multidisciplinary scientific approach from the
perspective Kurdish oral traditions consist of
myriad languages, literature, names etc of the sites
where the ancient sources come from. His research
has led to an adequate understanding of the ancient
sources, which shows the world of the ancient Near
East in a completely different way than some know it
to be now. Institute Elamirkan
www.elamirkan.net
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