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The Turkish Government Occupies The Kurdish
Homeland in Southeastern Turkey
23.7.2007
By Dana Berzinjy - eKurd.net contributing writer |
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The Turkish Government Occupies The Kurdish Homeland
in North of Kurdistan (Southeastern of Turkey),
Abuses Human Rights and Does Not Respect the Rights
of Other Nationalities, so These Reasons Made The
PKK to Exist.
July
23, 2007
Sydney, Dana Berzinjy, (eKurd.net),
Kurds have been living for a millennium in the
region they call Kurdistan, which is divided today
among five countries: Turkey (25 million), Iraq (6
million), Iran (8 million), Syria (2 million), and
the Caucasus of the former Soviet Armenia
(500,000).kurds, koords, a non-Arab Middle Eastern
minority population that inhabits the region known
as Kurdistan, an extensive plateau and mountain area
in SW Asia (c.74,000 sq mi/191,660 sq km), including
parts of E Turkey, NE Iraq, and NW Iran and smaller
sections of NE Syria and Armenia. The region lies
astride the Zagros Mts. (Iran) and the eastern
extension of the Taurus Mts. (Turkey) and extends in
the south across the Mesopotamian plain and includes
the upper reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates
rivers. |
Dana
Berzinjy, Freelance writer. Sydney |
Why does the Turkish Government have to control the
Kurdish lands for that long without giving any
rights to the Kurds, and other nationalities such as
Armenians, Arabs, Greeks, and Jews. Despite
occupying the Kurdish homeland and taking all the
resources and using these resources against the
wishes of these nationalities. The government uses
our resources to buy army tools and explosions and
use them against the people in order to abuse human
rights and kill civilians in the villages and the
towns of Kurdistan.
Commonly identified with the ancient Corduene, which
was inhabited by the Carduchi (mentioned in Xenophon),
the Kurds were occupied by the Arabs in the 7th
cent. The region was held by the Seljuk Turks in the
11th cent., by the Mongols from the 13th to 15th
cent., and then by the Safavid and Ottoman Empires.
Having been decimated by the Turks in the years
between 1915 and 1918 and having struggled bitterly
to free themselves from Ottoman rule, the Kurds were
encouraged by the Turkish crush in World War I and
by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's claim for
autonomy for non-Turkish nationalities in the
empire. The Kurds brought their claims for
independence to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.
The Treaty of Sevres (1920), which liquidated the
Ottoman Empire, granted to form an autonomous
Kurdish state. Turkey's military reinforcement by
Kemal Ataturk, and the creation of the Treaty of
Lausanne (1923), which resulted the Treaty of Sevres
to became powerless, and the new Treaty failed to
mention the formation of a Kurdish state. The
dictator Kemal Ataturk breached the treaty of Sevres
(1920), and this treaty was replaced by betrayed
treaty which was called Treaty of Lausanne (1923.
Revolts led by the Kurds of Turkey in 1925 and 1930
were forcibly put to end by the Turkish Army. Later
(1937–38) aerial bombardment, poison gas, and
weaponry shelling of Kurdish strongholds by the
government resulted in the murder of many thousands
of Turkey's Kurds.
Scholars debate whether the Kurds originally
belonged to a group of Iranian (Indo-European -
speaking) populations living around Lake Urmia who
migrated westward during the seventh century B.C.E.;
others emphasize the indigenous character of the
Kurds living in the Taurus and Zagros mountain
ranges since ancient times. Their history becomes
clear after the invasion of Tikrit by Islam, when
Caliph Omar's troops prevailed in 637 C.E. Arab
records detail Kurdish revolts against their
successive masters; they also tell of the rise of
Kurdish dynasties - the Shahdids, the Hasanwayhids,
and the Merwanids. Playing upon the opposition
between the Ottoman Turks and the Iranians, the
Kurds managed a measure of autonomy in the
nineteenth century, and Amir Bedir Khan (1805 -
1870) ruled as the "un-crowned king of Kurdistan"
over a large part of Ottoman Kurdistan in the 1840s.
After World War I and the fall of the Ottoman
Empire, Kurdistan was divided between Iran, Iraq,
Syria, and Turkey (the Caucasus region had been
within Russia since the beginning of the early
1800s). The Kurdish people revolted many times in
the past which led by these powerful leaders such
as, Simko in Iran, Shaykh Mahmud Barzinji in Iraq,
and Shaykh Said Piran in Turkey.
Since the Kurds have been disappointed by the
Dictator Ataturk and they have been oppressed by the
Turkish Army and their villages, towns and their
cities destroyed, even the new current Turkish
government is same as the previous governments. The
government thinks in a stubborn way, for example the
government does not recognize the Kurdish rights for
instance, education, culture, language, religion and
etc. The government does not amend the Turkish
Constitution to suit every nationality such as,
Kurdish, Arabs, Armenians and Greeks. The Islamic
party (fazile) runs the government, they believe
everybody lives in Turkey is a Turk and a Muslim.
Because they are racist and even they are claiming
that they believe in democracy but they lie to
themselves, even during Osman Empire and Ataturk
time they exposed genocide the other nationalities
and non Muslims such as Armenians and the Kurds. In
Turkey, where the government has long attempted to
suppress Kurdish culture, fighting erupted in the
mid-1980s, mainly in South East Turkey, between
government forces and guerrillas of the Kurdistan
Workers Party (PKK), which was established in 1984.
So the bad behavior and the racist treatment by the
Turkish government made The PKK to be engaged in
attacks against the government to defense the Kurds
as the Turkish government does not know the language
of dialogue. In 1992 the Turkish government again as
usual mounted a concerted attack on its Kurdish
minority, killing more than 20,000 and creating
about two million refugees. In 1995, Turkey waged a
military campaign against PKK base camps in northern
Iraq, and in 1999 it captured the guerrillas'
leader, Mr. Ocalan, who was afterward condemned to
death. Some 23,000–30,000 people are thought to have
died in the 15-year war. The legal People's
Democracy Party is now the principal civilian voice
of the Kurdish nationalism in Turkey. The PKK
announced in Feb., 2000, that they would end their
attacks, but they arrest the same month the Kurdish
mayors of Diyarbakir and other towns on charges of
aiding the rebels threatened to revive the unrest.
Reforms passed in 2002 and 2003 to assist Turkish
entrance in the European Union included ending bans
on private education in Kurdish and on giving
children Kurdish names; also, emergency rule in
South East Turkey was ended. The Turkish government
never learns a lesson from the past and repeats the
same
mistake.
Turkey's main Kurdish Freedom fighters offered a
renewed ceasefire to the Turkish government on
Tuesday if it agreed to end army operations against
the group, but the government ignores all the
efforts and dialogues from the Kurdish side, because
the Turkish government and the leaders in the
Turkish Army do not know the language of peace
except the threats. The freedom fighters of
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) believe and blamed
the military for an increase in violence in the
southeast of the country in recent weeks and before,
according to a statement carried by Firat, a well-
known mouthpiece for the group. Despite of all the
Army attacks on the Kurdish villages, civilians and
the freedom fighters, the Turkish Army increases its
operations despite the fact that the unilateral
ceasefire that the party’s movement has been keeping
since October 1. The freedom fighters attacks were
the result of self defense and the use of their
right of revenge to losses. I believe if the
operations stop, the tensions will also end. The
Turkish Army does not just attacks the Kurds in
Turkey but they have extended their aggressive and
hostile behavior even against Iraqi Kurds near the
Turkish border and the Army continues to report
regular shelling in remote areas in recent days.
Turkish
generals have threatened strikes inside Iraq to
eliminate support networks for Kurdish separatist
fighters who operate in Turkey. Even the U.S. and
Iraqi officials have warned Turkey many times
against military action this year and the previous
years.
Iraqi Kurdish media have reported the artillery
attacks in the past few days in the rural northwest
of the country (Kurdistan region), near the Turkish
border. Abdullah Salah, an Iraqi parliament member
from Kurdistan, told Iraqi television that several
villages near the border city of Zakho have been
targeted. He says the locations shelled by the
Turkish are north of Zakho. He says they are very
close to the Turkish border. A local Kurdish
political leader in Zakho says the shelling has been
regular. He says they are very close to the Turkish
border. A local Kurdish political leader in Zakho
says the shelling has been regular. He says openly,
along the border Turkey has been massing their
troops and waiting. The Turkish Prime Minister Recep
Tayyip Erdogan indicated he would oppose calls from
the powerful military for an invasion into
neighboring northern Iraq to follow Turkish Kurd
rebels taking refuge there. But the Military
officials would not listen to the government because
of the conflict between the government and the
Turkish Army. The Army leader said the PKK members
are between 3,500 and 3,800 and based in the border
mountains of Kurdistan (northern Iraq), with up to
2,000 others in Turkey. The Turkish Army should not
act foolishly like the former Suddam’s Army and
genocide the Kurds and other nationalities in South
Kurdistan (Iraqi Kurdistan), because the Kurds still
have not recovered from the Anfal campaign and the
Chemical attacks by the former Iraqi Army in
1987-89.
Iraqi Kurdistan is a place of almost 200,000
Christian and Arabs’ refugees from South of Iraq and
Iraq itself has already got a conflict and ravaged
country and the people of Kurdistan and Iraq do not
need another catastrophe or another tyrant from
Turkey. The Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said
on 23rd May 2007 as his usual language in sharp tone
and bad language on Wednesday that Turkey would move
against Kurdish militants in northern Iraq if
required, hours after the Turkish authorities said
they had acknowledged the suicide bomber in an
attack on Tuesday in Ankara as a man from a mainly
Kurdish city. The authority accused Kurdish
militants of the attack, which left six dead, but
the main militant group, the Kurdistan Workers’
Party, rejected the involvement in the attack. The
suicide bomber, officials said, he had been wearing
plastic explosives. I believe the Turkish government
is responsible for the violence that wide spread in
Turkey especially in southeastern of Turkey (North
of Kurdistan), and the government is trying to
create racism among the Turkish and the Kurdish
citizens of Turkey and to create a situation that
suits their political agenda for election and to
make the Kurdish area be destabilized. Again the
party denied responsibility in a statement on the
Internet, Reuters reported, citing a statement on
the Firat news agency Web site and saying the agency
had close links to the guerrillas. I want to say
that the Turkish government at the moment is facing
four major problems and conflict within Turkey for
instance Kurdish issue, Socialist Party, Islamic
movement and the conflict with security forces, or
with military.
The Turkish government is not capable to solve them.
The government tries to put the blame on other
countries such as Iraq and Kurdish Regional
Government. Instead The Army dictator Gen. Yasar
Buyukanit wants to dictate the Turkish parliament
and wants to use military power over it and insists
to attack Kurdish villagers inside Turkey and cross
borders to Iraqi Kurdistan. On 21st June 2007,
Hundreds of Iraqi Kurds have fled their homes after
30,000 Turkish troops massed on the Iraqi
Kurdistan--Turkish border and started attacks
against Kurdish fighters, Iraqi Kurdistan police
said. The Turkish incursion is like that of 1997,
when massive numbers of Turkish troops crossed the
border to battle the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).
"Dashati Takhe village, on the border close to Zakho,
is one of the most affected areas. The Kurdish
authorities were informed of civilian causalities.
The people were short of food and water. The
bombardments have enforced hundreds to run away from
their homes and leave for safer areas to live. This
time, people fled their house and took refuge with
some relatives close to Zakho, but people cannot
stay there long. People really don't know what to do
as they have left everything behind. They're
frightened that their home will be destroyed, as has
happened to some of their neighbors and relatives,"
said Ezdin Destan, 47, a resident of Dashati
village, close to the Turkish border. Turkish
Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul was quoted again;
saying on Friday 29th June 2007 that Turkey has
prepared detailed of the plan to attack Kurdish
territory in South of Kurdistan (Iraqi Kurdistan)
against Kurdish PKK rebels and will act if U.S. or
Iraqi forces fail to tackle them.
I would like to tell the foreign Minister of Turkey;
Kurdistan is no longer a piece of cake that the
Turkish Government can eat. Turkey needs to think
wisely about the Kurdish issue within Turkey and
outside of Turkey. If Turkey attacks South of
Kurdistan it means that turkey is not just going to
face 5000 Kurdish freedom fighters from Kurdistan of
Turkey, but also the Turkish Army will face the
whole Kurdish nation in South of Kurdistan, which is
almost about 6 million people that fight the Turkish
Army and defense the Kurdish homeland. In addition
to that, the Army also will face the Kurdish
internal fighters and the Kurdish people who live in
Turkey and I can estimate it over 20 million Kurds.
I want to tell Mr. Gul, that he should learn from
the past mistakes and how many times Turkey has
attacked on the PKK and South of Kurdistan and the
army has not achieved anything except the defeat.
According to the Turkey’s chief of staff, Gen. Yasar
Buyukanit the PKK’s guerillas has got 2000 fighters
in Turkey and nearly about 3000 fighters in the
Mountain of Qendil, if this is the case how many
times the Turkish Army had a campaign against that
small figure but the Kurds still gained victory over
the powerful Turkish Army. The Turkish Army has been
destroying North of Kurdistan and South of Kurdistan
for a century not just since PKK was formed in 1984,
but the Turkish government could not achieve what
they want and could not get rid off the Kurdish
nation and have achieved nothing except creating
chaos and hostility between the Kurds and Turkish
people, the history can witness that.
"The last time Turkey invaded our land and hundreds
of innocent citizens died and I hope that won't
happen again. Again the head of Turkey's great armed
forces from Ankara the capital of Turkey reaffirmed
on Wednesday27th June 2007, his vision that a
cross-border function into Kurdistan (northern Iraq)
was needed to defeat Kurdish rebels based there. His
commentary pile more weight on Turkey's government
to permit a military action, just weeks before
parliamentary polls in which safety measures and
terrorism issues will become visible.
Massoud Barzani, the president of Kurdistan region
in 'northern Iraq’ said in Berlin the capital of
Germany on 30th June 2007, alarmed on Friday of a
"catastrophe" if Turkey attacked our territory and
vowed that Kurds would protect themselves. "We will
protect ourselves against any state that attacks
us," Barzani said in an interview with Germany's
Deutsche Welle public radio.” I hope that Turkey
doesn't mean these intimidations critically because
that would be a disaster for the whole region,"
Barzani added, according to a German transcript of
the interview.
Ankara has many times threatened to send troops into
mainly Kurdish northern Iraq to chase thousands of
militants from the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).
Mr. Barzani said Turkey would have nothing to panic
from an independent Kurdish entity within Iraq,
Deutsche Welle said in a paraphrase of other
comments the Kurdish leader had made."We appeal to
Turkey to turn to the language of dialogue instead
of threats. We're ready for compromise and
dialogue." The Turkish attacks in reality are an
offensive and violations against the Kurdish people.
Turkey itself has a problem with the existence of
Kurds in Turkey.
The Turkish government should stop to spread
violence and prevent tension and more suffering for
innocent civilians, and avoid further terror against
our nation. There is no need for the Turkish Army to
attack civilians in South of Kurdistan while the
government cant control the PKK armed forced within
Turkey. The problem should be tackled within Turkey.
On Saturday, Iraqi officials in Baghdad summoned a
Turkish diplomat and lodged an official complaint,
claiming the Turkish Army shelled areas of Duhok and
Erbil province and warning cross-border attacks
could destabilize the district. U.S. Secretary of
State Condoleezza Rice on Saturday also warned
Turkey, saying a "robust" movement of troops across
the border would not be good for Iraq or Turkey.
Turkey says Iraq's central government, Kurdistan's
regional government, and the U.S. army have not done
adequate to battle the Kurdish rebel bases in Iraq.
Iraq's foreign minister urged Ankara to rely on
conversation with Iraqi leaders, the United States
and the regional government in the semi-autonomous
Kurdistan region of northern Iraq. The Turkish Army
has fought separatist Kurds in southeastern Turkey
since the 1980s, and the disagreement has claimed
more than 30,000 lives, lessening in current
years...
China has officially announced its opposition to a
possible cross-border operation that may be started
by Turkey into neighboring Kurdistan region (Iraq)
in order to get rid of the existence of the
forbidden Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) based in
the country's northern region.
Beijing's statement came on Thursday 28th June 2007
in the form of a written official answer to a
question which was asked at a press briefing on
Wednesday. "The Chinese government is against all
terrorist activities. At the same time, it favors
holding respect for Iraq's freedom, sovereignty and
territorial integrity at the top level," the
statement said. In Turkey the use of the term
"Kurdistan" is strongly rejected due to its supposed
political implications by the Republic of Turkey,
which does not recognize the existence of a "Turkish
Kurdistan" Southeast Turkey. Kurds are not
recognized as an official minority in Turkey and are
denied rights granted to other minority groups.
Under EU pressure, Turkey lately granted Kurds
restricted rights for broadcasts and education in
the Kurdish language, but critics say the actions do
not go far enough.
Turkey’s chief of staff, Gen. Yasar Buyukanit, who
announced in April that an invasion into northern
Iraq would be militarily wise, but would need
political will. The intimidation, though remote,
would be very problematic for the United States if
it became reality. Turkey says that its NATO ally
should do more to push Iraq to force militants out
of hiding in its northern Kurdish region. The
Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan called
NATO so many times to join the battle against
Kurdish freedom fighters as Anatolia news agency
reported. He said as NATO joined the struggle
against terrorism in Afghanistan, they should do the
similar function in Turkey. I want to say to Mr.
Erdogan that the PKK freedom fighters are not
terrorist you are mistaken and they have not
attacked any other countries like terrorist did for
instance the tragedy of 11th September in USA and
the Balley attacked by terrorist organization which
claimed thousands of USA citizens lives and more
than 82 Australians. The freedom fighters did not
attack USA, UK, Australia or any other countries.
The freedom fighters and the innocent Kurdish people
were attacked by Turkish Army and they have a right
to defense themselves and their homeland. As you
know millions of the Kurdish citizens in Turkey are
homeless, and many 100, 000 of Kurdish/Turkish
citizens got refugees in Europe. Now you need to ask
yourself Mr. Prime Minister a question that who is
behind all the violence and abusing of Human rights
in Turkey, your Army or the Kurdish freedom
fighters.
This problem that your government is facing now is
your responsibility to amend the Turkish
Constitution in Turkey in order to suit all the
nationalities that live in Turkey such as Kurds,
Turks, Armenians, Arabs and Greeks, without any
discrimination or racist behavior by your elected
government. For example your government has excluded
some of the Kurdish citizens to elect themselves to
become members of parliament such as Leyla Zana.
Your government in Amed has jailed the Mayor for
saying that the Kurdish, and Assyrian languages
should be used in the area in order to make
correspondence easier for those people can not
communicate in Turkish. Another example to proof my
comments, a court in the Kurdish city of Diyarbakir
in Turkey has jailed Ahmet Turk in March for a
period of 6 months for using of (Mr.) as a respect
for a jailed PKK leader Mr. Ocalan. Ahmet Turk the
leader of the DTP Kurdish Party again was charged
with a deputy leader for a period of 18 months for
distributing his party’s materials in the Kurdish
language. Your government is talking about
democracy, and wants to join European Union but on
which bases Turkey can join (EU), on the bases of
wide discrimination in Turkey which your government
is part of the problem, and by not allowing the
Kurdish language to be used alongside the Turkish
language. You can not solve these problems by
involving NATO ally but the situation will get
worse, and the solution is in your hand, if you need
a peaceful country without using a power. You need
to improve democracy, and have a Federal system,
like our Australian Federal Government.
Our Australian Government has got six States and two
Territories and each State has got its own capital.
That is way Australia became the best Federal
government in the world among all the democratic
countries. Stop violence and humiliation against
your own people in Turkey. By doing that you will
have the best democratic government in the Middle
East and all the citizens in Turkey will live in
peace forever like USA, Canada, Australia and other
democratic countries. The head of Turkey's land
forces, General Ilker Basbug, told the news
conference there were between 2,800 and 3,100 PKK
rebels based in northern Iraq. Buyukanit repeated
his allegation that PKK rebels were getting help
from some overseas countries, as well as nominal
allies of NATO-member Turkey. Ankara has criticized
the United States for not fighting against the PKK
in Iraq. Turkey has also accused some other
countries like Belgium and Denmark for supporting
the militants. Buyukanit said there were many
"collaborators" in Turkish towns and villages
providing support to the PKK. He also added that the
Kurdish problem could not be solved by entirely
military means. Yes, this is absolutely right, but
why your government does not take positive action
actions to solve the Kurdish issue in Turkey?
There are so many factors that make the Kurdish
people fight against Turkey, such as bullying and
harassment by the Turkish Army, injustice in the
Turkish system against the other nationalities,
undemocratic government, lack of freedom, such as
freedom of speech, freedom of movement, freedom of
religion, freedom of assembly, freedom of
individuals, the current constitution which does not
serve all the different nationalities except Turkish
nationalist, economic and social factors. I believe
the Turkish Army’s hostility against its own people,
makes Turkey become the first state of terror in the
Middle East in the Kurdish eye and in the eye of the
people in the world. In our eyes the PKK freedom
fighters are not terrorists but they are the true
Kurds who fight for the rights of the people in
Turkey, for democracy and Human rights which do not
exist in Turkey. They have been taken away for a
long time by the racist government, and the Turkish
State of Terror and it has become hell for the
Kurdish people. Turkey needs to learn to respect the
rights of other nationalities and learn the language
of peace and dialogue. Economic factor is a very
important point for the armed struggle against the
Pigs of Islams government Recep Tayyip Erdogan,
because the government does not invest in the
Kurdish area and the majority of the Kurds are
unemployed. Low education among Turkey's mainly
Kurdish southeast region is very obvious. The
Kurdish area is determined by poverty, because the
government destroyed so many villages and stopped
the villagers carrying on in their daily activities
with agricultural.
The Kurdish people in Turkey are the indigenous
people and lived and existed thousands of years
before of the arrival of the Turks from Mongolia
into Kurdistan. But now according to the Turkish
government and the Turkish racist parties, the Kurds
became strangers and named as Turkish mountain or
Turkish Kurds. Finally, I believe that the Turkish
government uses the Kurdistan Workers Part (PKK) as
an excuse to attack and invade the Iraqi Kurdistan
in order to destabilize the democratic system
specifically in the Kurdish region and in Iraq in
general and to turn over all the achievements that
the Kurds have gained in their victory after the
toppled of the former Saddam’s government by the USA
and its allies. Turkey is home to over 25 million
ethnic Kurds, some of whom openly express sympathy
with the Kurdish PKK for a Kurdish homeland in the
country's primarily Kurdish southeast of Turkey.
Before August 2002, the Turkish government put
strict limitations on the use of Kurdish language,
prohibiting the language in education and broadcast
media. The Kurdish alphabet is still not recognized
in Turkey. The Kurdish flag is flown officially in
Iraqi Kurdistan, but unofficially is flown by Kurds
in Armenia. The flag is banned in Iran, Syria, and
Turkey where flying it is a criminal offence.
Dana Berzinjy,
a freelance writer,
Sydney/Australia, July
23, 2007, Exclusively for eKURD.NET. You may reach the author via
email at: dara_dar (at) yahoo.com.au
About the Author: Bachelor of Teaching (Secondary)
Faculty of Education {University of Western Sydney
macarthur} 2001-2002. Postgraduate Diploma in Adult
Education (Teaching English of Speakers Other
Languages) Faculty of Education {University of
Western Sydney macarthur} 1999-2001. Postgraduate
Diploma in Business ( Employment Relations Law)
Faculty of Business ( University of Technology
Sydney) 1997-1999. Bachelor of Business (Commerce
and Human Resource management) ( Southern Cross
University) 1992-1996 Lismore
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